Medieval inventions
56 inventos y descubrimientos: año, qué es, de qué evolucionó y a qué llevó.
Cómo se conectan los inventos
| Año | Invento | Qué es | Evolucionó de | Llevó a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 600 | Porcelana | Fine ceramics made from kaolin (China; Meissen in 1708). | ||
| 600 | Pluma de ave | A pen made from a bird’s flight feather. | Plumilla de acero | |
| 600 | Caolín | A white clay for porcelain. | ||
| 600 | Ajedrez | A strategy board game. | ||
| 628 | Cero | The number zero and positional notation (Brahmagupta). | ||
| 672 | Fuego griego Callinicus of Heliopolis | The incendiary mixture of the Byzantine fleet. | ||
| 800 | Fuegos artificiales | Pyrotechnics based on gunpowder. | Cohete | |
| 800 | Ácido sulfúrico | The most important product of the chemical industry. | ||
| 800 | Quilla | The longitudinal beam of a ship’s bottom. | ||
| 800 | Destilación Zosimos of Panopolis | Separating liquids by their boiling points. | ||
| 800 | Rotación de cultivos | Alternating crops to preserve fertility (three-field system, Norfolk system). | Fertilizante mineral | |
| 800 | Alambique | An apparatus for distillation (Jabir). | ||
| 820 | Algoritmo | A finite sequence of steps; named after al-Khwarizmi. | ||
| 850 | Pólvora Berthold Schwarz | A mixture of saltpetre, sulfur and charcoal. | Dinamita, Pólvora sin humo | |
| 850 | Cilindro con púas | A cylinder with pins — the carrier of the “program” of musical automata (described by the Banū Mūsā brothers). | Telar de Bouchon | |
| 900 | Molino de viento | A mill driven by the wind. | Aerogenerador | |
| 900 | Naipes | Cards printed by woodblock. | ||
| 950 | Lanza de fuego | A tube of gunpowder on a spear — the ancestor of firearms. | Lanza | Cañón de mano |
| 984 | Esclusa | A chamber with gates for moving ships between water levels. | ||
| 1000 | Papel moneda | Jiaozi — the first paper money (China). | Moneda | Tarjeta de pago |
| 1000 | Tenedor | A piece of cutlery with tines. | ||
| 1000 | Rueca | A wheel for spinning thread. | Huso | Hiladora Jenny |
| 1000 | Granada | A hand-thrown explosive projectile. | ||
| 1025 | Notación musical | The staff (Guido of Arezzo). | ||
| 1040 | Tipos móviles | Individual characters that are assembled into text and reused. In China — Bi Sheng; in Europe, metal type — Gutenberg. | Xilografía | Linotype |
| 1100 | Brújula | A magnetic needle that points north. | Brújula china | Girocompás |
| 1144 | Catedral gótica | A skeletal stone building with flying buttresses. | ||
| 1150 | Alto horno | A shaft furnace for smelting pig iron. | Horno de reducción | |
| 1163 | Arbotante | An external arch that carries the thrust of a vault (Gothic). | ||
| 1200 | Chimenea | A flue that carries smoke away by draught. | ||
| 1200 | Árbol de levas | A shaft with cams that drives valves or hammers. | ||
| 1200 | Aserradero | Mechanical sawing of logs. | Serrería de Hierápolis | |
| 1206 | Manivela | A lever on an axle that turns reciprocating motion into rotation and back. Described by al-Jazari. | Motor de arranque | |
| 1232 | Cohete | A vehicle driven by jet thrust; gunpowder rockets came from China. | Fuegos artificiales | Motor cohete de propelente líquido, Motor cohete sólido, Misil guiado |
| 1250 | Lupa Ibn al-Haytham | A magnifying lens. | Gafas, Microscopio | |
| 1277 | Mina terrestre | An explosive device. | ||
| 1280 | Lente | A transparent body that focuses light by refraction. | ||
| 1286 | Gafas | Lenses for correcting vision (Italy). | Lupa | Gafas de sol, Lente de contacto, Telescopio, Microscopio |
| 1286 | Montura de gafas | A holder for lenses. | ||
| 1288 | Cañón de mano | An early hand-held gunpowder gun. | Lanza de fuego | Cañón, Mosquete |
| 1300 | Reloj mecánico | A clock with a weight or spring, an escapement and a gear train. | Reloj de agua | Reloj de péndulo, Reloj de cuarzo |
| 1300 | Escape (relojería) | A mechanism that releases the stored energy in small portions and sets the pace of a clock. | ||
| 1300 | Reloj de torre | A clock on a tower. | ||
| 1300 | Reloj de arena | Measuring time with pouring sand. | ||
| 1300 | Corchete | A fastener. | Zip | |
| 1300 | Papel de tornasol | An acidity indicator. | Medidor de pH | |
| 1326 | Cañón | A firearm artillery piece. | Cañón de mano | |
| 1342 | Ballestilla Яков бен-Махир ибн-Тиббон, Gersonides | A navigational angle gauge. | Cuadrante de Davis | |
| 1370 | Perfume | A solution of aromatic substances in alcohol. | ||
| 1400 | Resorte | An elastic element that stores mechanical energy. | ||
| 1400 | Armadura de placas | Armour made of steel plates. | Cota de malla | Blindaje |
| 1400 | Volante de reloj | An oscillating wheel with a hairspring — the “pendulum” of portable timepieces. | ||
| 1400 | Molinete de ancla | A ship’s winch for raising the anchor. | ||
| 1400 | Clavecín | A plucked keyboard instrument. | Piano | |
| 1400 | Perno y tuerca | A threaded fastening. | ||
| 1400 | Polvorín | Producing gunpowder. |