Altímetro e tunnelling shield: o que têm em comum

1. Passo 1. Altímetro — evoluiu de — Barômetro. An altimeter is a barometer with an altitude scale.
2. Passo 2. Barômetro — funciona como — Manometer. Both measure pressure with a column of liquid: a barometer measures the air around us, a manometer the pressure inside a vessel.
3. Passo 3. Manometer — utiliza — Hydraulics (Pascal’s law). A liquid manometer is a pair of communicating vessels: the difference in levels shows the pressure.
4. Passo 4. Hydraulics (Pascal’s law) — é utilizado em — Hydraulic cylinder. The liquid transmits pressure to the piston.
5. Passo 5. Hydraulic cylinder — é utilizado em — Tunnelling shield. The shield was pushed forward by jacks.

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