Atomic clock and hammer: what they have in common

1. Step 1. Atomic clock — evolved from — Quartz clock. The quartz oscillator is tuned to an atomic standard.
2. Step 2. Quartz clock — evolved from — Mechanical clock. Quartz clocks replaced mechanical ones: a vibrating quartz crystal took the place of the pendulum and balance.
3. Step 3. Mechanical clock — evolved from — Water clock (clepsydra). Mechanical clocks replaced water clocks, swapping the flow of water for an escapement.
4. Step 4. Water clock (clepsydra) — is made of — Stone. The clepsydra from Karnak is a stone vessel.
5. Step 5. Stone — is material for — Hammer. The first hammer was a hammerstone, later mounted on a handle.

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