Czochralski method and optical telegraph: what they have in common

1. Step 1. Czochralski method — is used in — Silicon wafer. Ingots are grown by the Czochralski method.
2. Step 2. Silicon wafer — is material for — Integrated circuit. Chips are made on wafers.
3. Step 3. Integrated circuit — is part of — Mobile phone. Inside a phone are microchips: processor, memory, radio.
4. Step 4. Mobile phone — evolved from — Telephone. A mobile phone keeps the function of a telephone, replacing the wire with a radio channel.
5. Step 5. Telephone — evolved from — Electrical telegraph. The telephone grew out of attempts to send several signals over telegraph lines (the “harmonic telegraph”).
6. Step 6. Electrical telegraph — evolved from — Optical telegraph. The electrical telegraph replaced semaphore lines.

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