Flash memory and tunnelling shield: what they have in common

1. Step 1. Flash memory — is part of — Solid-state drive. Flash memory.
2. Step 2. Solid-state drive — evolved from — Hard disk drive. A replacement for the hard disk.
3. Step 3. Hard disk drive — is made of — Cobalt. The magnetic layer is a cobalt alloy.
4. Step 4. Cobalt — is material for — Cemented carbide. A cobalt binder.
5. Step 5. Cemented carbide — is material for — Tunnel boring machine. The cutters are cemented carbide.
6. Step 6. Tunnel boring machine — evolved from — Tunnelling shield. A development of the tunnelling shield.

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