High-voltage direct current and lathe: what they have in common

1. Step 1. High-voltage direct current — uses — Rectifier. Rectifiers and inverters at the ends of the line.
2. Step 2. Rectifier — is part of — LED lamp. The driver in the base rectifies mains current and limits the LED current; in an ordinary bulb it has no transformer.
3. Step 3. LED lamp — evolved from — Incandescent light bulb. It replaced incandescent bulbs.
4. Step 4. Incandescent light bulb — is made of — Tungsten. A tungsten filament (since 1904–1910).
5. Step 5. Tungsten — is material for — High-speed steel. Tungsten.
6. Step 6. High-speed steel — is used in — Lathe. Cutting tools.

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