Kepler’s laws and gas lamp: what they have in common

1. Step 1. Kepler’s laws — evolved from — Heliocentric system. A refinement of Copernicus.
2. Step 2. Heliocentric system — uses — Telescope. Galileo’s confirmations.
3. Step 3. Telescope — has part — Lens. An objective and an eyepiece.
4. Step 4. Lens — is part of — Film projector. A projection lens.
5. Step 5. Film projector — has part — Incandescent light bulb. The light source (formerly an arc).
6. Step 6. Incandescent light bulb — evolved from — Gas lamp. Electricity displaced gas lighting.

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