Encyclopedia and industrial robot: what they have in common

1. Step 1. Encyclopedia — uses — Gutenberg printing press. The Encyclopédie was a printed publication.
2. Step 2. Gutenberg printing press — works like — Jacquard loom. An analogy, not proven influence: both set type and a chain of punched cards are a replaceable pattern that a machine reproduces over and over.
3. Step 3. Jacquard loom — uses — Program control of a machine. The chain of cards is the program of the pattern.
4. Step 4. Program control of a machine — is used in — Industrial robot. The movements are recorded in a program.

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