Permanente e transformer: o que têm em comum

1. Passo 1. Permanente — utiliza — Heating element. As primeiras máquinas de Nessler aqueciam as mechas enroladas com aquecedores elétricos.
2. Passo 2. Heating element — funciona como — Incandescent light bulb. A lamp and a heater use the same effect — a conductor heated by current; they differ in purpose, light or heat.
3. Passo 3. Incandescent light bulb — evoluiu para — LED lamp. It replaced incandescent bulbs.
4. Passo 4. LED lamp — tem como parte — Rectifier. The driver in the base rectifies mains current and limits the LED current; in an ordinary bulb it has no transformer.
5. Passo 5. Rectifier — faz parte de — Power supply. A rectifier.
6. Passo 6. Power supply — tem como parte — Transformer. A transformer.

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