Plough and vacuum pump: what they have in common

  1. Step 1. Plough — evolved from — Hoe. The plough mechanized loosening the soil with a hoe.
  2. Step 2. Hoe — evolved from — Stone tool. Neolithic hoes of stone and antler.
  3. Step 3. Stone tool — evolved into — Needle. Bone needles with an eye are part of the Palaeolithic toolkit.
  4. Step 4. Needle — is part of — Syringe. A hollow needle.
  5. Step 5. Syringe — works like — Piston pump. A syringe is a hand-operated piston pump.
  6. Step 6. Piston pump — evolved into — Vacuum pump. Guericke adapted the piston pump to pump out air.

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