Portland cement and boyle’s air pump: what they have in common

1. Step 1. Portland cement — is material for — Concrete. Cement.
2. Step 2. Concrete — is used in — Concrete pump. It pumps concrete.
3. Step 3. Concrete pump — has part — Piston pump. A piston pump.
4. Step 4. Piston pump — evolved into — Vacuum pump. Guericke adapted the piston pump to pump out air.
5. Step 5. Vacuum pump — evolved into — Boyle’s air pump. An improved version of Guericke’s pump.

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