Total internal reflection and mechanical clock: what they have in common

1. Step 1. Total internal reflection — is used in — Optical fibre. Light is kept inside the core.
2. Step 2. Optical fibre — is used in — Fibre-optic sensor. A fibre.
3. Step 3. Fibre-optic sensor — is made of — Silica (sand). The fibre is silica glass.
4. Step 4. Silica (sand) — is material for — Quartz clock. The resonator is a quartz crystal.
5. Step 5. Quartz clock — evolved from — Mechanical clock. Quartz clocks replaced mechanical ones: a vibrating quartz crystal took the place of the pendulum and balance.

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