Mass analyzer and plumbing: what they have in common

1. Step 1. Mass analyzer — is part of — Mass spectrometer. It separates ions by mass.
2. Step 2. Mass spectrometer — has part — Vacuum pump. A vacuum system.
3. Step 3. Vacuum pump — evolved into — Boyle’s air pump. An improved version of Guericke’s pump.
4. Step 4. Boyle’s air pump — has part — Valve. Valves.
5. Step 5. Valve — is part of — Fire hydrant. A gate valve.
6. Step 6. Fire hydrant — uses — Plumbing. Plumbing.

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