Perforated piano roll and sonar: what they have in common

1. Step 1. Perforated piano roll — is part of — Player piano. Perforated paper with the tune recorded on it.
2. Step 2. Player piano — is a kind of — Piano. A piano.
3. Step 3. Piano — uses — Tuning fork. Tuning.
4. Step 4. Tuning fork — is part of — Quartz clock. Quartz shaped like a tuning fork at 32,768 Hz.
5. Step 5. Quartz clock — uses — Piezoelectric effect. The quartz resonator vibrates thanks to the piezoelectric effect.
6. Step 6. Piezoelectric effect — is used in — Sonar. Langevin’s transducer is piezoelectric quartz.

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