Preamplifier with knobs and paper machine: what they have in common

1. Step 1. Preamplifier with knobs — is part of — Hi-fi amplifier. Input selection and tone control.
2. Step 2. Hi-fi amplifier — has part — Transistor. Amplification comes from transistors or tubes.
3. Step 3. Transistor — evolved from — Vacuum tube. The transistor replaced the vacuum tube as an amplifier and switch.
4. Step 4. Vacuum tube — is part of — Colossus. About 2,500 vacuum tubes.
5. Step 5. Colossus — is made of — Paper. The data is on paper punched tape.
6. Step 6. Paper — uses — Paper machine. Industrial production.

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