X-rays and mechanical clock: what they have in common

1. Step 1. X-rays — is a kind of — Electromagnetic waves. Short-wave electromagnetic radiation.
2. Step 2. Electromagnetic waves — is used in — GPS (satellite navigation). Radio signals.
3. Step 3. GPS (satellite navigation) — uses — Atomic clock. The satellites carry atomic clocks; the position is calculated from signal arrival times.
4. Step 4. Atomic clock — evolved from — Quartz clock. The quartz oscillator is tuned to an atomic standard.
5. Step 5. Quartz clock — evolved from — Mechanical clock. Quartz clocks replaced mechanical ones: a vibrating quartz crystal took the place of the pendulum and balance.

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