Zoetrope and vacuum pump: what they have in common

  1. Step 1. Zoetrope — evolved into — Cinema. Optical toys prepared the idea of cinema.
  2. Step 2. Cinema — uses — Cinématographe. Cinema began with the cinématographe.
  3. Step 3. Cinématographe — has part — Lens. A lens.
  4. Step 4. Lens — is part of — Microscope. An objective and an eyepiece.
  5. Step 5. Microscope — evolved into — Electron microscope. Overcoming the limit of optics.
  6. Step 6. Electron microscope — has part — Vacuum pump. A vacuum in the column.

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