Vacuum
principle · 1654 · Early modern era
A rarefied space; Guericke’s experiments with the Magdeburg hemispheres.
Principles and materials it uses
- Pressure — uses. A vacuum is a region of low pressure.
Where it is used
- Vacuum pump — is used in. The pump creates a vacuum.
- Vacuum tube — is used in. Electrons fly in an evacuated bulb.
- Incandescent light bulb — is used in. The bulb was evacuated so the filament would not burn out.
- Newcomen engine — is used in. Condensing the steam creates a vacuum under the piston.
- Vacuum flask — is used in. The vacuum between the walls does not conduct heat.
- Milking machine — is used in. Vacuum milking.
- Barometer — is used in. The Torricellian vacuum above the mercury.
- Electron microscope — is used in. The column is evacuated.
- Particle accelerator — is used in. A vacuum chamber.
- X-rays — is used in. Röntgen discovered the rays while experimenting with a discharge in an evacuated Crookes tube.
- Hyperloop (concept) — is used in. A vacuum in the tube.
- Freeze-drying — is used in. Ice sublimating in a vacuum.
- Sugar production — is used in. Vacuum pans for evaporation.
- LIGO — is used in. 4 km vacuum tubes.
- Dewar flask — is used in. A vacuum.
- Boyle’s air pump — is used in. The pump draws out the air.
- Cathode-ray tube — is used in. Inside is a vacuum.
- Triode — is used in. It works in a vacuum.
- Mass spectrometer — is used in. Ions fly in a vacuum.
- Cyclotron — is used in. Particles fly in a vacuum.
- Magnetron — is used in. It works in a vacuum.
- Medical linear accelerator — is used in. Electrons fly in a vacuum.