21st-century inventions
81 inventos y descubrimientos: año, qué es, de qué evolucionó y a qué llevó.
| Año | Invento | Qué es | Evolucionó de | Llevó a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | Segway Dean Kamen | A self-balancing two-wheeled vehicle. | Hoverboard | |
| 2001 | Batería externa | A portable battery for charging gadgets. | ||
| 2001 | Cifrado AES | A symmetric encryption standard. | ||
| 2001 | JSON Douglas Crockford | A text data format (Crockford). | JavaScript | |
| 2001 | Wikipedia | A free encyclopedia running on a wiki engine. | Enciclopedia | |
| 2002 | HDMI | A digital interface for video and sound. | ||
| 2002 | Robot aspirador | An autonomous vacuum cleaner (Roomba). | Aspiradora | |
| 2002 | Gemelo digital | A virtual model of a physical object. | ||
| 2003 | Videollamada | Video communication over the Internet. | Teléfono | |
| 2003 | Robot de almacén | Robots that carry shelving units (Kiva). | Carretilla elevadora | |
| 2003 | CubeSat Jordi Puig-Suari, Bob Twiggs | A small satellite in a 10 cm format. | ||
| 2003 | Proyecto Genoma Humano | Reading the human genome. | ||
| 2004 | NFC | Near-field communication for contactless payment. | ||
| 2004 | Grafeno Andre Geim, Konstantin Novoselov | Single-layer carbon (Geim, Novoselov). | Grafito | |
| 2004 | Podcast | Audio shows by subscription (RSS). | Radiodifusión | |
| 2004 | Red social | An online platform for communication. | ||
| 2005 | Mapas en línea | Interactive maps in the browser. | Mapa | |
| 2005 | Streaming | Transmitting audio and video over a network in real time. | ||
| 2005 | Plataforma de vídeo | Publishing videos (YouTube). | ||
| 2005 | Arduino | An open microcontroller board for learning. | ||
| 2005 | Red eléctrica inteligente | A power grid with digital control. | Red eléctrica | |
| 2005 | Git | A distributed version control system (Torvalds). | Linux | |
| 2006 | Computación en la nube | Computing as a service in data centres. | ||
| 2007 | Mano biónica | A prosthesis with myoelectric control. | ||
| 2007 | iOS | Apple’s mobile OS. | macOS | |
| 2007 | Cubierta de vidrio | Chemically strengthened glass on top of the screen. | ||
| 2007 | Lector electrónico | A reading device with electronic ink. | Códice | |
| 2008 | Aplicación móvil | A program for a smartphone. | ||
| 2008 | Gran Colisionador de Hadrones | The largest accelerator (CERN). | Ciclotrón | |
| 2008 | Blockchain Satoshi Nakamoto | A distributed ledger of blocks (Bitcoin). | ||
| 2008 | Lámpara LED | A lamp built on white LEDs. | Bombilla incandescente | |
| 2008 | Android | A mobile OS built on the Linux kernel. | ||
| 2008 | Smart TV | A television with Internet access. | Televisor de pantalla plana | |
| 2008 | Batería de tracción | An electric car’s battery made of hundreds or thousands of lithium-ion cells. | ||
| 2008 | Carga inalámbrica | Charging by induction (the Qi standard). | ||
| 2008 | Tienda de aplicaciones | A catalogue of mobile programs. | ||
| 2009 | Pulsera de actividad | A wearable activity and heart-rate sensor. | Smartwatch | |
| 2009 | Coche autónomo | A car driven by a computer using sensor data. | Coche eléctrico | |
| 2009 | Aplicación de transporte | Ordering a car from a smartphone. | Taxímetro | |
| 2009 | Criptomoneda | Digital money on a blockchain (Bitcoin). | ||
| 2010 | Dron | An uncrewed aircraft with four propellers and stabilizing electronics. | ||
| 2010 | Almacenamiento en baterías | Battery stations for balancing the grid. | ||
| 2010 | Estación de carga | A device for charging an electric car. | ||
| 2010 | Freidora de aire | A mini convection oven. | Horno de convección | |
| 2010 | Monociclo eléctrico Trevor Blackwell | A self-balancing one-wheeled vehicle. | ||
| 2010 | Tableta | A portable computer with a touchscreen. | Smartphone | |
| 2010 | Altavoz portátil Edward Washburn Kellogg, Chester Williams Rice | A speaker with Bluetooth and a battery. | ||
| 2011 | Asistente de voz | Speech recognition and replies (Siri, Alice). | ||
| 2011 | Exoesqueleto | A wearable robot for walking (ReWalk). | ||
| 2012 | Aprendizaje profundo Yann LeCun, Geoffrey Hinton | Training multilayer networks on GPUs (AlexNet). | ||
| 2012 | MicroLED | A display made of microscopic LEDs. | Matriz de píxeles OLED | |
| 2012 | Raspberry Pi | A single-board computer. | ||
| 2012 | Bosón de Higgs CERN, ATLAS experiment | A particle discovered at the LHC. | ||
| 2012 | Cursos en línea | Massive open online courses (MOOCs). | ||
| 2012 | CRISPR | Genome editing (Doudna, Charpentier). | ADN recombinante | |
| 2013 | Smartwatch | A wrist computer with a touchscreen. | Reloj de pulsera, Pulsera de actividad | |
| 2013 | Cerradura inteligente | A lock controlled from a smartphone. | Cerradura y llave | |
| 2013 | Hoverboard Shane Chen | A self-balancing platform on two wheels. | Segway | |
| 2013 | Gafas de realidad aumentada | Glasses that overlay images on the world. | Gafas | |
| 2013 | Hyperloop Elon Musk | Capsules in a low-pressure tube. | Maglev, Correo neumático | |
| 2013 | Contenedores (Docker) | Isolating applications. | Virtualización | |
| 2014 | Altavoz inteligente | A speaker with a voice assistant. | ||
| 2014 | Coche de hidrógeno | An electric car with a fuel cell (Toyota Mirai). | ||
| 2014 | USB-C | A universal reversible connector. | USB | |
| 2014 | Pagos móviles | Paying with a smartphone via NFC. | Tarjeta de pago | |
| 2015 | LIGO | A laser interferometer that detects gravitational waves. | ||
| 2015 | Cohete reutilizable | A rocket with a returning first stage (Falcon 9). | Cohete multietapa | |
| 2015 | Ondas gravitacionales | Detected by LIGO. | ||
| 2015 | Contrato inteligente | A program on a blockchain (Ethereum). | ||
| 2016 | Unidad de procesamiento tensorial | A neural network accelerator (Google TPU). | ||
| 2016 | Visor de realidad virtual | A virtual reality headset. | Estereoscopio | |
| 2016 | Auriculares inalámbricos | In-ear headphones with Bluetooth. | Auriculares | |
| 2017 | Transformador (arquitectura) | A neural network architecture built on attention. | ||
| 2018 | Modelo de lenguaje grande | A transformer neural network trained on text. | ||
| 2019 | Litografía EUV | Photolithography in extreme ultraviolet for processes of a few nanometres. | ||
| 2019 | Internet por satélite | Constellations of low-orbit satellites. | ||
| 2020 | Reactor modular pequeño | A compact factory-built reactor (Akademik Lomonosov). | Rompehielos nuclear | |
| 2020 | Batería de estado sólido | A lithium battery with a solid electrolyte (in development). | Batería de iones de litio | |
| 2020 | Vacuna de ARNm Katalin Karikó, Drew Weissman | A vaccine that delivers instructions for making an antigen. | ||
| 2021 | Generación de imágenes | Neural networks that draw from a description. | ||
| 2022 | Asistente de IA | Conversational helpers built on large language models. | Chatbot |