Electric arc and payment card: what they have in common

1. Step 1. Electric arc — is used in — Photographic flash. A discharge in a xenon lamp.
2. Step 2. Photographic flash — is part of — Camera. A flash.
3. Step 3. Camera — evolved into — Photolithography. A photographic process carried over to silicon.
4. Step 4. Photolithography — is used in — Integrated circuit. The circuit pattern is transferred by light.
5. Step 5. Integrated circuit — is part of — Payment card. An EMV chip.

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