Freeze-drying and Babbage’s Analytical Engine: what they have in common

1. Step 1. Freeze-drying — uses — Vacuum. Ice sublimating in a vacuum.
2. Step 2. Vacuum — is used in — Vacuum tube. Electrons fly in an evacuated bulb.
3. Step 3. Vacuum tube — is part of — ENIAC. ENIAC contained about 18,000 vacuum tubes.
4. Step 4. ENIAC — uses — Punched card. ENIAC’s input and output went through IBM punched-card equipment.
5. Step 5. Punched card — is used in — Babbage’s Analytical Engine. Operations and numbers were entered on punched cards.

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