History of construction
114 inventos por año: de qué evolucionó cada uno y a qué llevó.
Cómo se conectan los inventos
| Año | Invento | Qué es | Evolucionó de | Llevó a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10000 a. C. | Escalera | Rungs between two uprights. | ||
| 8000 a. C. | Pozo | A shaft for getting groundwater. | ||
| 8000 a. C. | Azuela | A tool with a blade set across the handle for dressing wood. | Herramienta de piedra | |
| 7000 a. C. | Ladrillo | A building block of dried or fired clay. | ||
| 7000 a. C. | Cimentación | The base of a building. | ||
| 6000 a. C. | Argamasa | A binding mixture for masonry. | Hormigón romano | |
| 4000 a. C. | Carretera pavimentada | A prepared way for carts; developed by the Romans. | ||
| 4000 a. C. | Cisterna | A reservoir for storing water. | ||
| 3400 a. C. | Clavo | A metal rod for fastening parts together. | ||
| 3000 a. C. | Viga | A horizontal load-bearing element. | ||
| 3000 a. C. | Remache | A pin that is hammered over to make a permanent joint. | ||
| 3000 a. C. | Dique | An embankment against floods. | Presa | |
| 3000 a. C. | Pilote | A post that transfers loads into the ground. | ||
| 3000 a. C. | Canalón | A channel for draining rain. | ||
| 3000 a. C. | Teja | A roofing element of fired clay. | ||
| 2900 a. C. | Presa | A structure that holds back water. | Dique | |
| 2600 a. C. | Plomada | A weight on a string for checking the vertical. | ||
| 2600 a. C. | Pirámide egipcia | A monumental tomb built of stone blocks. | ||
| 2600 a. C. | Columna | A vertical support; the orders of antiquity. | ||
| 2500 a. C. | Alcantarillado | Draining waste water; the Cloaca Maxima, Bazalgette’s London system. | ||
| 2500 a. C. | Puerto marítimo | A harbour with quays. | ||
| 2500 a. C. | Urbanismo | Regular grid layout of cities (Hippodamus). | ||
| 2000 a. C. | Llana | A small blade for applying mortar. | ||
| 2000 a. C. | Arco | A curved structure that carries loads in compression. | Cúpula, Bóveda | |
| 1700 a. C. | Fontanería Egyptians, Egyptians | Supplying water through pipes. | ||
| 1600 a. C. | Bisagra | A door’s pivot. | ||
| 1300 a. C. | Puente | A structure for crossing an obstacle. | ||
| 1300 a. C. | Bóveda | A curved ceiling. | Arco | Cúpula |
| 1300 a. C. | Puente levadizo | A lifting span. | ||
| 1300 a. C. | Puente de arco | A bridge on an arch. | ||
| 1000 a. C. | Andamio | A temporary structure for working at height. | ||
| 776 a. C. | Estadio | A structure for sports events. | ||
| 700 a. C. | Túnel | An underground structure (Eupalinos). | ||
| 515 a. C. | Grúa antigua | An ancient Greek crane with a block and tackle and a windlass. | Grúa torre | |
| 510 a. C. | Canal | An artificial waterway. | ||
| 500 a. C. | Pilotadora | A machine for driving piles. | ||
| 312 a. C. | Acueducto | A conduit that brings water by gravity. | ||
| 300 a. C. | Rompeolas | A structure that protects a harbour. | ||
| 280 a. C. | Faro | A tower with a fire for navigation; the Lighthouse of Alexandria. | ||
| 200 a. C. | Hormigón romano | Concrete made with lime and volcanic ash. | Argamasa | Hormigón |
| 100 a. C. | Cúpula | A three-dimensional arch that spans a round room. | Arco, Bóveda | |
| 100 a. C. | Encofrado | A mould for pouring concrete. | ||
| 100 a. C. | Cepillo de carpintero | A tool for planing wood with a blade in a stock. | ||
| 70 a. C. | Anfiteatro | An oval theatre with tiers (the Colosseum). | ||
| 100 | Vidrio de ventana | Glazing for windows. | ||
| 100 | Carretilla | A one-wheeled cart — a second-class lever. | ||
| 984 | Esclusa | A chamber with gates for moving ships between water levels. | ||
| 1144 | Catedral gótica | A skeletal stone building with flying buttresses. | ||
| 1163 | Arbotante | An external arch that carries the thrust of a vault (Gothic). | ||
| 1200 | Chimenea | A flue that carries smoke away by draught. | ||
| 1300 | Reloj de torre | A clock on a tower. | ||
| 1661 | Nivel de burbuja | An instrument with a bubble for checking the horizontal (Thévenot). | ||
| 1752 | Pararrayos Benjamin Franklin | Leads lightning into the ground (Franklin). | ||
| 1775 | Sifón | A bent pipe holding water that blocks odours. | ||
| 1801 | Hidrante | A connection point to the water mains. | ||
| 1804 | Planta potabilizadora | Purifying drinking water (Paisley filters). | ||
| 1807 | Alumbrado público | Lighting streets (gas, arc, LED). | Lámpara de gas | |
| 1820 | Camino macadamizado John Loudon McAdam | A road of compacted crushed stone (McAdam). | Asfalto | |
| 1824 | Hormigón | Artificial stone made of cement, sand and gravel. | Hormigón romano | |
| 1824 | Cemento Portland Joseph Aspdin | A hydraulic binder (Aspdin). | ||
| 1825 | Escudo de túnel | Brunel’s shield for driving tunnels. | Tuneladora | |
| 1826 | Puente colgante | A deck hung on steel cables (Menai, Brooklyn). | ||
| 1834 | Cable de acero | A rope of steel wires (Albert). | Cuerda | |
| 1839 | Excavadora | An earth-moving machine; modern ones are hydraulic. | ||
| 1840 | Cercha | A lattice structure of triangles (Howe, Pratt). | ||
| 1840 | Puente de celosía | A bridge on trusses. | ||
| 1849 | Viga doble T | A rolled steel beam. | ||
| 1850 | Torre de agua | An elevated tank that provides pressure in the network. | ||
| 1851 | Palacio de Cristal | A pavilion of glass and cast iron (Paxton). | Invernadero | |
| 1851 | Prefabricación | Buildings made of factory-made elements. | ||
| 1852 | Ascensor | A lift with a car; Otis’s safety brake made it safe. | ||
| 1852 | Freno de seguridad del ascensor | Otis’s device that stops the car if the rope breaks. | ||
| 1853 | Hormigón armado Joseph Monier | Concrete with steel reinforcement (Coignet, 1853; Monier’s patent, 1867). | ||
| 1860 | Apisonadora | A machine for compacting the surface. | Máquina de vapor de Watt | |
| 1867 | Armadura de acero | Steel bars in concrete. | ||
| 1868 | Cinta métrica | A flexible measuring tape in a spring-loaded case. | Regla | |
| 1870 | Lana mineral | A fibrous insulator. | ||
| 1870 | Asfalto | A bitumen mixture for roads. | Camino macadamizado | |
| 1873 | Cierrapuertas | A hydraulic door closer. | ||
| 1874 | Aspersor | An automatic fire suppression system (Parmelee). | ||
| 1885 | Estructura de acero | A load-bearing frame of steel beams. | ||
| 1885 | Rascacielos | A tall building on a steel frame (Home Insurance Building). | ||
| 1888 | Puerta giratoria | A carousel door (van Kannel). | ||
| 1889 | Torre Eiffel | A lattice tower of puddled iron. | ||
| 1893 | Noria George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr. | Ferris’s wheel. | ||
| 1896 | Estructura tensada | A roof of stretched membrane (Shukhov, Otto). | ||
| 1896 | Escalera mecánica Jesse W. Reno | A moving staircase. | ||
| 1896 | Estructura hiperboloide Vladimir Shukhov | A lattice tower of straight bars (Shukhov). | ||
| 1900 | Aislamiento térmico | Materials that reduce heat loss. | ||
| 1900 | Torniquete de acceso | A rotating entry mechanism. | ||
| 1900 | Grúa pórtico | A crane for loading ships. | ||
| 1900 | Hormigonera | A rotating drum for concrete. | ||
| 1900 | Hormigón prefabricado | Elements cast at a factory. | ||
| 1900 | Edificio antisísmico | Structures that withstand earthquakes. | ||
| 1907 | Estructura espacial | A three-dimensional truss structure (Bell). | Cometa | |
| 1909 | Amortiguador de masa sintonizado | A pendulum counterweight in a skyscraper (Taipei 101). | ||
| 1914 | Planta depuradora | Biological treatment of waste water (activated sludge). | ||
| 1914 | Canal de Panamá | A canal with locks between oceans. | ||
| 1922 | Torre de Shújov | The radio tower on Shabolovka. | ||
| 1923 | Excavadora | A tracked tractor with a blade. | Tractor oruga Holt | |
| 1926 | Cúpula geodésica | A dome made of triangles (Fuller; Bauersfeld). | ||
| 1927 | Bomba de hormigón | A pump for delivering concrete. | ||
| 1928 | Hormigón pretensado Eugène Freyssinet | Concrete with tensioned reinforcement (Freyssinet). | ||
| 1930 | Doble acristalamiento | Two panes with an air gap. | ||
| 1949 | Grúa torre | A tall crane for construction. | Grúa antigua | |
| 1950 | Edificio prefabricado | A house of reinforced concrete panels. | ||
| 1952 | Tuneladora | A machine that bores a tunnel with a rotating head. | Escudo de túnel | |
| 1954 | Puerta automática | A sliding door with a sensor. | ||
| 1955 | Puente atirantado | A deck hung on stays from pylons. | ||
| 1959 | Grúa de contenedores | A crane for containers. | ||
| 1961 | Techo retráctil | A stadium’s movable roof. | ||
| 1970 | Aislamiento de base | Bearings that separate a building from ground vibrations. | ||
| 1990 | Casa de bajo consumo | A passive house. | ||
| 1999 | Cúpula de cristal | A transparent dome with a steel frame. |